Nevertheless in 1949, standards of four breeds of hunting Laikas were approved: the Karelo-Finnish Laika, Russo-European Laika, West Siberian Laika and East Siberian Laika. However, this proved problematic as the primitive nature of laikas resulted in less specialization than seen in other breeds and the shear scale of these regions made it difficult to produce a uniform dog within the zones.
Thus, many experts began to consider laikas to be strictly dogs utilized for as pointing hunters and exclude herding and sled laika altogether.
Almost all year round on a leash, but left to themselves, they are perfectly able to find food in the form of mice, partridges, ducks and other birds and small animals.” ĭuring the Soviet era, there was a push to classify dogs by their specialization as well as merge similar local dogs into large geographic zones. Russian ethnographer Vladimir Jochelson writes "The sled dog is at the same time a hunting dog, with a well-developed sense of smell, but with better hearing and sight. Regardless of the exact count of laika breeds, all contemporary writers speak of the reverence that local ethnic groups held these dogs. Dmitrieva-Sulima would go on to name 19 additional laika breeds, raising the grand total to 30: Kevrolian, Olonets, Kyrghyz, Yakut, Koryak, Orochon,Gilyak, Bashkir, Mongolian, Chukotka, Golds and Yukagir Laikas, Tomsk, Vilyui, Berezovo-Surgut, Kolyma, Pechora Laika, and the Polar Dog. She also admits that the even the term "northern" would also be not quite precise, because dogs of similar type also occurred in Africa, America and everywhere in Asia. Dmitrieva-Sulima considered the term "Northern Dog" to be the most appropriate name to apply to this numerous group of dogs. " Prince Shirinsky-Shikhmatov cataloged 13 breeds of laikas: Zyryan, Finno-Karelian, Vogul, Cheremis, Ostyak, Tungus, Votyak, Galician, Ostyak, Norvegian, Buryatian, Soyotian, Laplandian and Samoyed Laika. An avid bear hunter, Prince Shirinsky-Shikhmatov is described as "Being much interested in the natural sagacity and hunting capacity of the laïkas he procured some hundreds of specimens of different varieties and applied himself seriously to their study and breeding. Dmitrieva-Sulima's book, "The Laika and Hunting With It". Shirinsky-Shikhmatov's groundbreaking illustrated book, "Album of Northern Dogs (Laikas)" and M.G. Two of the first known published works on laikas were Prince A. The debate as to what dogs should be considered laika is as old as Russian cynology. Indeed the word laika is often used to refer not only to hunting dogs but also to the related sled dog breeds of the tundra belt, which the FCI classifies as "Nordic Sled Dogs" and even occasionally all spitz breeds.
Thus, the Norwegian Elkhound is known in Russian literature as Norwegian Elk Laika ( норвежская лосиная лайка), and the Finnish Spitz as Finnish Bird Laika ( финская птичья лайка). This includes not only the three or four breeds known as Laikas in English, but also other standard breeds that the FCI classifies together with them as "Nordic Hunting Dogs" (Group 5, Section 2 of the FCI classification). As the name of a dog variety, it is used not only in Russian cynological literature, but sometimes in other languages as well to refer to all varieties of hunting dogs traditionally kept by the peoples of the northern Russia and adjacent areas. The Russian word laika ( лайка) is a noun derived from the verb layat' ( лаять, to bark), and literally means barker.
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